Chapter 1.3

1.3 Sci Thinking and Processing 


How do we solve a difficult question?

Take 3 minutes to rearrange this engineering method according to what you think is correct.

Communicate

Brainstorm

Test the prototype

Research

Define the problem

Develop a prototype

What method does this resemble?...

                  

Observing—Using the senses or tools to gather information Forming hypotheses

—Ask a question and try to explain observations  "if......then...."








Testing hypotheses—Collecting data to support or reject a hypothesis 




Analyzing data—Statistical analysis of data to draw conclusions 








Evaluating results—Data and conclusions are studied to determine whether they are valid 



How to create a Hypothesis 
3 misinterpreted words in bio.....

• Hypothesis:  hypothesis will give an explanation that will be tested. Ex: If fenders are placed on a bicycle, then the user will stay dry when going through puddles.

• Theory: After hypotheses have been tested many times, with accurate results, they become theories. Ex: Cell Theory

• Law: A law has been widely accepted. This means that it is assumed to be a true and will predict the outcome of certain conditions or experiments. Ex: Law of Gravity

   Experiment:Using independent and dependent variables to find cause-and-effect relationships   
        

Reading Graphs

 

Remember the acronym DRY MIX

Dependent                    Manipulating

Responding                   Independent

Y-axix                            X-axis

Control Group Vs. Dependent Variables Vs. Independent Vsariables

Independent variable—The condition that is manipulated in an experiment; the “cause” 
Dependent variable—The factor that is responding in an experiment; the “effect” 
Control/Constant—Any condition that is kept the same during an experiment; necessary for determining whether the independent variable produces any change in the dependent variable

• The DEPENDENT depends on the INDEPENDENT.
• The  INDEPENDENT is the REASON for the DEPENDENT to CHANGE.

Now lets apply this to Biology

1. A scientist is testing the effects of medication on the blood pressure of patients. 
2. A scientist wants to find out how cellular respiration is affected by temperature. 
3. A scientist is measuring the effect of precipitation on seed germination. 

STEM Experiment                Save SAM