Chapter 4.4 & 4.6

Making Connections: 

 If chloroplasts are like tiny factories that make products, 

mitochondria are like power plants that burn fuel to produce electricity. 





In a power plant, a processed fuel is burned in the presence of oxygen, and energy is released as useful electricity. 

During cellular respiration, oxygen and digested molecules from food are used to produce useful energy in the form of ATP.

4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration—process through which sugars and other carbon-based molecules are broken down to produce ATP when oxygen is available

Glycolysis—anaerobic process in cytoplasm that splits glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules

1. mitochondrion 

2. Pyruvate: three-carbon molecules

3. Krebs cycle; mitochondrial matrix; produces 2 ATP 

4. carbon dioxide 

5. energy transferred to 2nd aerobic stage 

6. energy from glycolysis and oxygen enter the process 

7. Electron Transport chain: produces water and 
large number of ATP  (34)

Cellular respiration equation: 







C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒6CO2 + 6H2O

Kreb Cycle:produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration

Recap Questions: 

1.Compare Describe the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis in terms of energy and matter.

2. Is oxygen necessary for the production of all ATP in your cells? Why or why not?

4.6 Fermentation 

Making Connections:

Think about a time when you worked or exercised hard. Maybe you moved heavy boxes or furniture. 

Maybe, playing basketball, you found yourself repeatedly running up and down the court. 

Your arms and legs began to feel heavy, and they seemed to lose strength. 

Your muscles became sore, and even when you rested you kept breathing hard. Your muscles were using fermentation

Fermentation—process that allows glycolysis to continue to produce ATP when oxygen is not available, but does not produce ATP

Lactic acid fermentation—pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation; NADH used to convert pyruvate into lactic acid; NAD+ recycled to glycolysis

Alcoholic fermentation 
—pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation; NADH used to convert pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide; NAD+ recycled to glycolysis

Uses of Fermentation:

1. cheese                                                      2. yogurt

3. bread

Recap Questions:

1. How are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation similar? How are they different?

2. Describe the similarities and differences between cellular respiration and fermentation. 

Quiz Chapter 4.4&4.6